Abstract
The split‐step algorithm is the standard method for calculating complex (i.e., amplitude and phase) sound fields in a range dependent ocean environment. However, in ocean areas with strong bottom interaction, density discontinuities, sediment rigidity, and bottom roughness should be taken into account. It is easy to incorporate the effects of density discontinuities and rigidity in a specular bottom reflection coefficient R, and it is reasonable to assume that some of the complications of moderately rough bottom interfaces can also be included. Once R has been defined, a systematic procedure is given for generating an equivalent bottom that is compatible with the split‐step algorithm and provides an accurate accounting of bottom interaction.
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