Abstract
BackgroundDuring the last decades, filarial infections caused by Dirofilaria spp. have spread rapidly within dog populations of several European countries. Increasing scientific interest in filariasis, and the availability of new diagnostic tools, has led to improved knowledge of the biology, morphology, and epidemiology of different species of filarial worms. However, data are still scarce for a number of countries, including the Republic of Moldova. Thus, we assessed the epidemiological status of canine filariasis in the Republic of Moldova to address part of this knowledge gap.MethodsA total of 120 blood samples were collected between June 2018 and July 2019 from dogs originating from the cities of Cahul and Chişinău. The samples were examined microscopically, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate filarioid species diversity.ResultsMicroscopic examination revealed that 12 dogs (10.0%) were positive for circulating microfilariae. The molecular test showed that one dog was positive for Acanthocheilonema reconditum (0.8%), one for Dirofilariaimmitis (0.8%), six for Dirofilariarepens (5.0%), and four (3.3%) harboured a co-infection with D. immitis and D. repens. Prevalence was significantly higher in dogs aged ≥ 2 years.ConclusionsThe epidemiological survey presented here for the Republic of Moldova confirmed the presence D. immitis, D. repens and A. reconditum in dogs that had not received any heartworm preventive.Graphical abstract
Highlights
During the last decades, filarial infections caused by Dirofilaria spp. have spread rapidly within dog populations of several European countries
Microscopic examination revealed that 12 dogs (10.0%; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 5.3–16.8) were positive for circulating microfilariae
One was positive for Acanthocheilonema sp. (0.8%; 95% CI 0.0–4. 6), one for D. immitis (0.8%; 95% CI 0.0–4.6), six for D. repens (5.0%; 95% CI 1.9–10.6), and four (3.3%; 95% CI 0.9–8.3) harboured a co-infection with D. immitis and D. repens
Summary
Filarial infections caused by Dirofilaria spp. have spread rapidly within dog populations of several European countries. A northeastern multifactorial spread (due to influences such as climate change, vector availability, dog and human circulation, etc.) of both D. immitis and D. repens in areas previously considered non-endemic for dirofilariasis has been recently observed [4]. These two species, as well as Thelazia callipaeda, another vectorborne pathogen of dogs, are considered key examples for this pattern of emerging parasitic disease [4]. Epidemiological studies in areas where no or limited information is available on them, but where they are expected to be present, are essential
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