An environmental approach for the photodegradation of toxic pollutants from wastewater using Pt–Pd nanoparticles: Antioxidant, antibacterial and lipid peroxidation inhibition applications

Abstract

BackgroundGreen synthesis is an effective and friendly method for the environment, especially in recent years has been used in many areas. It finds application opportunities in many fields such as physics, chemistry, electronics, food, and especially health and is the subject of intensive studies in this field. ObjectivesThe synthesized Pt–Pd NPs were aimed to be used as a bio-based photocatalyst under sunlight to prevent wastewater pollution. In addition, it is aimed to use Pt–Pd NPs as biological agents in different applications in the future. MethodsIn this study, the platinum-palladium nanoparticles were synthesized by the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, the characterization of the nanoparticles was carried out by different methods (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), infrared transform spectroscopy atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ray diffraction (XRD) analysis). And we discussed several different parameters related to human health by obtaining platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (Pt–Pd NPs) with a green synthesis method. These parameters are antioxidant properties (total phenolic, flavonoid, and DPPH scavenging activity), antibacterial activity, and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. Gallic acid was used as standard phenolic, and quercetin was used as standard flavonoid reagents. The newly synthesized Hibiscus sabdariffa mediated green synthesized Pt–Pd NPs were compared with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the high antibacterial activity was shown by gram-positive bacteria. The photodegradation of Pt–Pd NPs was carried out against MB dye for 180 min. ResultsTEM results show that the average size of Pt–Pd NPs is around 4.40 nm. The total amount of phenolic compounds contained in 0.2 mg/ml of Pt-Pd NPs was equivalent to 14.962 ± 7.890 μg/ml gallic acid and the total amount of flavonoid component was found to be equal to 28.9986 ± 0.204 μg/ml quercetin. Hibiscus sabdariffa mediated green synthesized Pt–Pd NPs was found to have very effective for lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in the FeCl2–H2O2 system. The maximum DPPH scavenging activity was determined as 97.35% at 200 μg/ml. The photocatalytic activity of Pt–Pd NPs was analysed against Methylene blue (MB) and the maximum degradation percentage was observed to be 83.46% at 180 min. ConclusionsThe biogenic Pt–Pd NPs showed a high effective photocatalytic and biological activity.