Abstract
This paper presents a Single Phase Hybrid Supply Envelope tracking Modulator (HSEM) for RF-Power Amplifiers (RF-PAs) used in modern wireless communication systems such as 5G and 6G applications. The proposed HSEM consists of an ultra-wideband linear amplifier to track the input signals with several Mega Hertz of bandwidth, a switching amplifier to provide a high-efficiency supply voltage for the main power amplifier, and a new sensing circuit to generate the required voltage for the switching amplifier. The designed HSEM uses a two-stage rail-to-rail linear class-AB amplifier with constant Gm, high gain bandwidth (GBW), high slew rate (SR), and good phase margin (PM). Most conventional modulators use a sensing resistor or a resistor structure that increases the output ripple and the power loss. The proposed structure uses a linear amplifier output stage sensing circuit and a hysteresis low power current comparator without any resistors, external capacitors, filters, or multi-phase modulator structures. Additionally, using a current comparator eliminates the need for an external reference voltage or a current-to-voltage converter. The proposed structure does not need to remove the switching ripple through the linear amplifier, leading to a more relaxed linear amplifier design. A comprehensive analysis and guide on how to optimally select the inductor values, and the mathematical equation for the switching frequency of the hybrid modulator is given. The efficiency of the proposed structure is 84.3 %, and the maximum output power is 27.3dBm. The average output ripple is 4.16 mV in the wide range of the input voltages, and its minimum is 0.4 mV. In addition, the new structure can track a signal with 400 MHz bandwidth with FOM of the HSEM about 18. The proposed modulator is suitable for broadband and emerging telecommunications applications such as 5G and 6G, and as a power supply for RF power amplifiers. The proposed HSEM is evaluated with TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology parameters.
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