Abstract
In terms of using the technology of Cognitive Radio, a Cognitive Sensor Network (CSN) is varied from the conventional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). According to the interaction with the surrounding environment, the transmitter parameters can be modified in the sensor nodes of CSN adaptively. In CSNs, routing is one of the important components. Based on the capability of spectrum-aware, the schemes of routing of CSNs are district from other networks. The changeable spectrum resource dynamically should be understood by the routing scheme to establish a path of reliable forwarding by the adjustment of routing policy adaptively. In CSNs, reliable routing is an essential thing but still not a well-explored problem in CSNs. Packet drops due to spectrum unavailability and buffer overflows seriously affects the connectivity of the nodes. The whole network’s lifetime and the data delivery rate are impacted by the prolonging packet drops. To increase the nodes’ lifetime, the addressing of this drawback in the phase of routing should be done. Before the making of routing decisions, a new routing technique is proposed named as Drop factor based energy efficient routing technique with the use of packet drop ratio and power dissipation metric of the spectrum links. With the total number of users in the routing path, the drop factor is computed. Power dissipation is calculated based on the transmitted data packets versus the amount of total consumed energy. This method reduces the drop ratio by avoiding the high drop factor nodes from being participating in the routing process. It always ensures that the data would be handled by the low dropping ratio nodes, thus the network’s lifetime is improved. The proposed method achieves delay of 25%, throughput 326 kbps, energy consumption 13%. Routing overhead 43% for 1000 number of nodes.
Highlights
A vital networking paradigm has emerged as the Internet of Things (IoT) that allows communication among various physical objects
The results with four existing competitive schemes like EACRP, ESECR, ERCR, and residual idle time aware intelligent channel bonding (RITCB) are compared to prove the effectiveness of Drop factor based energy efficient routing technique (DFBEER)
In the method of ERCR, the routing and energy efficiency are constructed between the users depending upon high energy nodes and energy availability respectively.cluster head (CH) nodes are chosen depending upon the remaining energy in addition to the distance of nodes in EACRP and routing processes in RITCB
Summary
A vital networking paradigm has emerged as the Internet of Things (IoT) that allows communication among various physical objects. Owing to increment of enormous rates in the number of wireless devices, various challenges have to be faced by IoT things that include spectrum scarcity and energy. The energy-efficient and spectral techniques are required in IoT as these problems are originated with the usage of a wide range of sensor devices. For developing these spectral and energy-efficient methods, the below section includes the prime technologies. The issues of hardware and energy limitations can be imposed by CRSN that are adapted from WSN despite addressing the challenges of the dynamic spectrum. CR functionalities don’t consider in the existing solutions for WSNs and challenges of the dynamic spectrum don’t address. The current research works on methods like connectivity, clustering, and path formation [7], [8]
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