Abstract
Routing is one of the main issues in designing wireless body area networks. Some drawbacks are revealed in existing routing technologies for practical networks: First, defective criteria e.g., only energy or distance is considered to elect the forwarder nodes. Second, the protocolâs controllable parameters are decided manually, and for all application they stay fix, no automatic tuning is used. Third, the protocol is not altered and based on application specifications they remain optimized. In order to get the better of the above mentioned drawbacks, an EMRP named protocol which is an adaptive Enhanced Multi-hop Routing Protocol is proposed and implemented in this paper. In this, the forwarder nodes are elected based on high energy, low communication distance and low path-loss and low energy consumption loss. The EMRP protocolâs controllable parameters can be adaptively ad-justed and tuned according to application requirement via genetic algorithm. With this view the paper focuses on study and implementation of protocols in NS2 such that it elects forwarder nodes with high energy, low communi-cation distance, low path-loss and low energy consumption. The implementation of (EMRP): Enhanced Multi-hop Routing Protocol and M-Attempt in NS2 and comparison of EMRP and M-Attempt protocols depending on various parameters like Packet-Drop, Energy Consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Throughput. Network simu-lation results of the proposed protocol exhibit significant improvement compared to existing protocols in terms of lifetime, path-loss, PDR, energy consumption and throughput.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are made of self-governing tiny sensors deployed randomly on a stipulated area
Latest developments in the field of electronics permit inserting of bio-sensors into the human body. Such a network is called as Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN)
Path-loss of WBANs is much high as compared with free-space WSNs, because in WBANs communication is through human body [17]
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are made of self-governing tiny sensors deployed randomly on a stipulated area. These traits of the human body need to be considered effectively, for proper functioning of the routing protocols in WBANs [7] In this context, the paper presents the study and implementation of protocol in NS2 such that it elects forwarder nodes based on high energy level, and with less delay, path-loss, communicating distance and energy consumption parameters. This paper contains review about developing research issues in WBANs like system’s architecture, address allocating, routing, Physical layer, MAC layer, security issues and challenges and their applications is discussed It includes existent LEACH protocol in which every CH accepts packets of data from its each individual nodes, CH transfers, the collected packets of data to sink which in turn decreases the direct transmissions number between individual nodes and its sink. It includes network scenarios, simulation results, analysis and methodology is presented in this paper
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