An Energy-efficient Routing Protocol Based on Two-Layer Clustering in WSNs

Abstract

AbstractThe design of energy-efficient routing protocol for large-scale wireless sensor network (WSN) has become a challenge nowadays. In order to balance the energy consumption of nodes and prolong network lifetime, this paper proposes an energy-efficient routing protocol DKBDCERP based on two-layer clustering. It uses an improved DPC-MND clustering algorithm to cluster nodes at first layer. Then, in each cluster, first-level cluster heads (CHs) are elected according to residual energy of the node and distance to base station (BS). After that, using all the first-level CHs as second layer, K-Means algorithm is used to cluster, and the second-level CHs are elected according to remaining energy of the node and distance between the node and center of mass and BS. Finally, path weight of the second-level CHs is designed according to energy, distance, deflection angle and other factors. On the basis of Dijkstra algorithm, the theory of immune algorithm is introduced to obtain the optimal inter-cluster multi-hop routing. The simulation result shows that DKBDCERP has excellent performance in balancing node energy consumption and prolonging network lifetime.KeywordsWsn routing algorithmTwo-level clusteringImmune algorithmDpc-mnd