An energy-reduced dietary pattern, including moderate protein and increased nonfat dairy intake combined with walking promotes beneficial body composition and metabolic changes in women with excess adiposity: a randomized comparative trial.

Julie D Shlisky,Sharon M Nickols‐Richardson,Melissa K Zack,Jessica K Campbell,Carolyn K Gugger,Carrie M Durward

doi:10.1002/fsn3.231

Abstract

Moderate protein and nonfat dairy intake within an energy-reduced diet (ERD) may contribute to health benefits achieved with body weight (BW) loss. The current study examined the effectiveness of a weight-loss/weight-loss maintenance intervention using an ERD with moderate dietary protein (30% of kcals) and increased nonfat dairy intake (4–5 svg/d), including yogurt (INT group) and daily walking compared to an ERD with standard protein (16–17% of kcals) and standard nonfat dairy intake (3 svg/d) (COM group) with daily walking. A randomized comparative trial with 104 healthy premenopausal women with overweight/obesity was conducted in a university setting. Women were randomized to INT group or COM group. Anthropometric measurements, as well as dietary intake, selected vital signs, resting energy expenditure, blood lipids, glucose, insulin, and selected adipose-derived hormones were measured at baseline, and weeks 2, 12, and 24. Targets for dietary protein and nonfat dairy intake, while initially achieved, were not sustained in the INT group. There were no significant effects of diet group on anthropometric measurements. Women in the INT group and COM group, respectively, reduced BW (−4.9 ± 3.2 and −4.3 ± 3.3 kg, P < 0.001) and fat mass (−3.0 ± 2.2 and −2.3 ± 2.3 kg, P < 0.001) during the 12-week weight-loss phase and maintained these losses at 24 weeks. Both groups experienced significant decreases in body mass index, fat-free soft tissue mass, body fat percentage, waist and hip circumferences and serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin (all P < 0.001). Healthy premenopausal women with excess adiposity effectively lost BW and fat mass and improved some metabolic risk factors following an ERD with approximately 20% protein and 3 svg/d of nonfat dairy intake.

Highlights

Weight loss achieved by following an energy-restricted dietary pattern promotes metabolic benefits (Fontana et al 2007; Coppola et al 2009; Lefevre et al 2009)
It was hypothesized that an energy-reduced diet (ERD) including moderate protein (30% of kcals) and increased nonfat dairy intake (4–5 svg/d) combined with daily walking (INT group) would induce greater reductions in body weight (BW), body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, waist and hip circumferences and maintenance of fat-free soft tissue mass, compared to an ERD, including standard protein (16–17% of kcals) and standard nonfat dairy intake (3 svg/d) combined with daily walking (COM group), during 12 weeks of weight loss followed by 12 weeks of weight-loss maintenance
Baseline testing was completed by 123 healthy premenopausal women with overweight/obesity (Caucasian, n = 98; African American, n = 11; Other, n = 3; No response, n = 11)

Summary

Introduction

Weight loss achieved by following an energy-restricted dietary pattern promotes metabolic benefits (Fontana et al 2007; Coppola et al 2009; Lefevre et al 2009). It was hypothesized that an ERD including moderate protein (30% of kcals) and increased nonfat dairy intake (4–5 svg/d) combined with daily walking (INT group) would induce greater reductions in BW, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, waist and hip circumferences and maintenance of fat-free soft tissue mass, compared to an ERD, including standard protein (16–17% of kcals) and standard nonfat dairy intake (3 svg/d) (i.e., control diet) combined with daily walking (COM group), during 12 weeks of weight loss followed by 12 weeks of weight-loss maintenance. Effects on selected vital signs (i.e., resting heart rate and blood pressure), serum lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations, and selected adipose-derived hormones were further explored

Methods

Results

Discussion