An Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol Based on Elephant Herding Optimization in MANET

Abstract

Background: A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of self-organizing mobile nodes creating an ad hoc network without fixed infrastructure. Routing is a major issue in mobile networks that may reduce network performance due to frequent network topology changes. Routing protocols are so important in dynamic multi-hop networks that many studies have focused on the routing problem in MANETs. Methods: In this research work, a proposed ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) with an elephant herding optimization (EHO) called AODVEHO is used as an optimal path selection method that creates a set of best paths between destination and source. objective: The research's objectives include load balancing, minimizing latency, increasing network speed, and minimizing energy consumption. Results: To validate the performance of proposed AODVEHO, AntHocNet, AODV, and designation sequence distance vector (DSDV). Various performance measures are considered to validate our proposed research work, such as packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay (E2ED), and average energy consumption (AEC). method: elephant herding optimization with MANET utilized to achieved a changes in network topology and circumstances, minimizing latency, increasing throughput, preserving energy, and achieving Quality of Service (QoS) standards. Conclusion: Experimental results are indicated that the AODVEHO achieved a higher routing overhead (73 %), PDR (89.87 %), low E2ED rate (95.22 %), AEC (75.60 %), and dead nodes (75%) when compared to other routing schemes. result: SI can assist in locating close to optimum routes by redefining the routing issue as an optimisation challenge. The present reserch work a novel routing approach is developed based on EHO for finding optimal path in MANET environment. Robustness of the developed ADOVEHO is compared with benchmark routing approaches such as AntHocNet[27], AODV[28] and DSDV[29] conclusion: Optimizing energy utilization in MANET is an important study topic that has recently expanded with a high concentration of advantages from swarm intelligence algorithms and their optimization capabilities. The proposed work introduces the AODVEHO energy-efficient routing algorithm, which is based on AODV and EHO. In studies, the NS-3 tool was used to create four routing protocols, including the newly designed AODVEHO in addition to the AODV protocol, AntHocNet, and DSRV. The recommended protocol outperformed the other deployed protocols, according to the results, when it comes to load balancing, as shown by its superior PDR.