An energy-efficient distributed clustering algorithm for heterogeneous WSNs

Nadeem Javaid,Muhammad Imran,Mohsen Guizani,Zahoor Ali Khan,Manzoor Ilahi,Turki Ali Alghamdi,Muhammad Babar Rasheed

doi:10.1186/s13638-015-0376-4

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) were envisaged to become the fabric of our environment and society. However, they are yet unable to surmount many operational challenges such as limited network lifetime, which strangle their widespread deployment. To prolong WSN lifetime, most of the existing clustering schemes are geared towards homogeneous WSN. This paper presents enhanced developed distributed energy-efficient clustering (EDDEEC) scheme for heterogeneous WSN. EDDEEC mainly consists of three constituents i.e., heterogeneous network model, energy consumption model, and clustering-based routing mechanism. Our heterogeneous network model is based on three energy levels of nodes. Unlike most works, our energy consumption model takes into account the impact of radio environment. Finally, the proposed clustering mechanism of EDDEEC changes the cluster head selection probability in an efficient and dynamic manner. Simulation results validate and confirm the performance supremacy of EDDEEC compared to existing schemes in terms of various metrics such as network life.

Highlights

Recent technological advancements pave the way for the emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [1] that are envisaged to become the fabric of our environment and society through enormous range of applications
It is obvious from the results that enhanced developed distributed energy-efficient clustering (EDDEEC) is the most efficient among the given protocols in terms of stability period, network lifetime, and number of packets sent to the base stations (BS) even in case of a network containing more super and advanced nodes as compared to normal nodes
It is obvious from the results that EDDEEC is the most efficient among all protocols in terms of stability period, network lifetime, and number of packets sent to the BS, even in case of network containing less number of super and advanced nodes as compared to normal ones

Summary

Introduction

Recent technological advancements pave the way for the emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [1] that are envisaged to become the fabric of our environment and society through enormous range of applications. The newly proposed routing protocol, EDDEEC, is evaluated using three types of nodes (three-level heterogeneous network model): normal, advanced, and super. Heinzelman et al [11] introduce a clustering algorithm for homogeneous WSNs known as LEACH in which nodes randomly select themselves as CHs such that the criteria remains the same throughout the network lifetime. In [25], the basic assumption state that the residual energy of nodes follow a random distribution Based on this assumption, clustering is performed by the algorithm while ensuring balanced load on the nodes. In EDEEC, both super and advanced nodes die more quickly as compared to the normal ones This is not the optimal way for energy distribution throughout the network. EDDEEC (our proposed protocol) suggests some changes in the probability function for the selection of CHs

Heterogeneous network model

Conclusions