Abstract
A coordinated operation of decentralised micro-scale hybrid energy systems within a locally managed network such as a district or neighbourhood will play a significant role in the sector-coupled energy grid of the future. A quantitative analysis of the effects of the primary energy factors, energy conversion efficiencies, load profiles, and control strategies on their energy-economic balance can aid in identifying important trends concerning their deployment within such a network. In this contribution, an analysis of the operational data from five energy laboratories in the trinational Upper-Rhine region is evaluated and a comparison to a conventional reference system is presented. Ten exemplary data-sets representing typical operation conditions for the laboratories in different seasons and the latest information on their national energy strategies are used to evaluate the primary energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and demand-related costs. Various conclusions on the ecologic and economic feasibility of hybrid building energy systems are drawn to provide a toe-hold to the engineering community in their planning and development.
Highlights
Hybrid building energy systems such as PV-heat pump and trigeneration units that facilitate higher energy-efficiency and usage of renewable energy in buildings have been studied for many years
Micro-scale (< 15 kWel) and small-scale (< 50 kWel) systems may not have a significant impact on the energy grid individually, and may not always have large economic benefits, recent studies have shown the advantages of a coordinated operation of many such systems in a neighborhood or campus in terms of supporting the energy transition on a regional level [3], [4]
Each laboratory consists of a renewable energy system in the built environment and various primary HVAC components, such as heat pumps (HP), cogeneration units (CHP), adsorption chillers (AdC), compression chillers (CC), photovoltaics (PV), and solar-thermal collectors (ST) are installed in the different locations
Summary
Hybrid building energy systems such as PV-heat pump and trigeneration units that facilitate higher energy-efficiency and usage of renewable energy in buildings have been studied for many years. With the dawn of modern energy networks with more decentralization, digitalization, prosumer coordination, and sector-coupling, advanced control for such systems has come into focus [1], [2]. Such advance control methods facilitate the utilization of the technical flexibility of individual systems (storage, combination of different energy sources, and operation modes), and the coordination between them to support the energy grid of the future having a high share of volatile renewable energy.
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