Abstract
Wireless NanoSensor Networks (WNSNs) are a new type of network that combines nanotechnology and sensor networks. Because WNSNs have great application prospects in intra-body health monitoring, biomedicine and damage detection, intra-body Wireless NanoSensor Networks (iWNSNs) have become a new research hotspot. An energy balance clustering routing protocol (EBCR) is proposed for the intra-body nanosensor nodes with low computing and processing capabilities, short communication range and limited energy storage. The protocol reduces the communication load of nano-nodes by adopting a new hierarchical clustering method. The nano-nodes in the cluster can transmit data directly to the cluster head nodes by one-hop, and the cluster head nodes can transmit data to the nano control node by multi-hop routing among themselves. Furthermore, there is a tradeoff between distance and channel capacity when choosing the next hop node in order to reduce energy consumption while ensuring successful data packet transmission. The simulation results show that the protocol has great advantages in balancing energy consumption, prolonging network lifetime and ensuring data packet transmission success rate. It can be seen that EBCR protocol can be used as an effective routing scheme for iWNSNs.
Highlights
Nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role in many fields such as environment, industry, biomedicine and military with its rapid development
By continuously updating the cluster head node, the node with higher residual energy is selected as the cluster head, which prevents the cluster head node from exhausting energy due to frequent data forwarding, and can balance the energy consumption in the network
This is because energy balance clustering routing protocol (EBCR) preferentially selects the cluster with higher residual energy when selecting the cluster head node while Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and MH-LEACH randomly select the cluster head, causing the cluster head and node to die prematurely
Summary
Nanotechnology plays an increasingly important role in many fields such as environment, industry, biomedicine and military with its rapid development. The maximum number of hops is two, which is not enough for the practical application of the routing in WNSNs. Mohrehkesh and Weigle take into account the current state of energy collected by the communication nodes, and proposed an energy model based on the Markov decision process for data propagation [15]. The research on routing protocols is still in infancy, [17] proposed a cluster-based network topology, the proposed routing proposal did not consider the characteristics of the intra-body nanonetwork firstly, and secondly there was no reasonable cluster head node update mechanism.
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