Abstract
Voice over Long-Term Evolution enables reliable transmission among enormous Internet of Things devices, by providing end-to-end quality of service for Internet protocol–based services such as audio, video, and multimedia messaging. The research of covert timing channels aims at transmitting covert message stealthily to the receiver using variations of timing behavior. Existing approaches mainly modulate the covert message into inter-packet delays of overt traffic, which are not suitable for Voice over Long-Term Evolution, since most of the inter-packet delays of Voice over Long-Term Evolution traffic are of regular distribution, and any modification on inter-packet delays is easy to be detected. To address the issue, in this work, we propose a novel covert timing channel for the video stream in Voice over Long-Term Evolution, which modulates the covert message by deliberately dropping out video packets. Based on the two-dimensional mapping matrix, the blocks of covert message are mapped into dropout-packet sequence numbers. To recover the covert message, the receiver retrieves the sequence numbers of lost packets and identifies them to be translated into blocks of the covert message. To evaluate our scheme, the simulations with different packet loss rates are conducted to validate the undetectability, throughput, and robustness, finally, the results show that this scheme is effective and reliable.
Highlights
Internet of Things (IoT) has already been marked as the entry into the world of consumer electronic devices[1,2] and Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE) allows these devices to make faster and effective transmission without any call drops
In this work, we propose a covert timing channels (CTCs) scheme based on VoLTE video stream via dropping out packets which are numbered with target Real-Time Protocol (RTP) sequence number
Zhang et al.[33] proposed another CTC scheme achieved by packet rearranging over VoLTE called number of packets (NoPs)-based gray code timing channel (NoP-GCTC) (Table 2)
Summary
Internet of Things (IoT) has already been marked as the entry into the world of consumer electronic devices[1,2] and Voice over Long-Term Evolution (VoLTE) allows these devices to make faster and effective transmission without any call drops. After all the procedures mentioned above, a covert message is transmitted to the receiver by modulating it into the sequence numbers of dropout packets in VoLTE video stream. In this initial exploration, our focus is whether we can build the CTC for VoLTE. If block length goes up to 20, the corresponding Ld is 1449, while the NoPs dropped in Ld is fixed to 2, which is much less than 14 introduced by noise under packet loss rate at 1% This scheme is profitable to obtain lower BER with methods like error correction code or data retransmission. If the network is getting better, a bigger block length should be utilized to avoid detection
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More From: International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks
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