Abstract
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the complexity and rapid change of technological innovation, more and more enterprises seek to develop and research (R&D) institutions to cooperate with green innovation. In order to promote the cooperation efficiency of green innovation, this paper develops a multi-stage game model to analyze the optimal strategies of the enterprise, the university and the policy-maker with consumer learning and government subsidy. Then the paper compares the difference of optimal subsidy between the single-stage green innovation cooperation and the multi-stage green innovation cooperation. The research shows that consumers’ initial learning factors and green innovation cooperation cycle have a significant impact on the optimal input level of the enterprise and the university and also have a significant impact on the optimal subsidy of the government. The specific government subsidy and subsidy ratio depend on the comprehensive role of consumer learning factors and the green innovation cooperation cycle. In the end, we propose that the government should subsidize the university at times when the initial consumer learning factor is low; the government subsidy should be properly lagged when the initial consumer learning factor is high.
Highlights
With the continuous reduction of the earth’s natural resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, most countries in the world have adopted various measures to protect the environment
We further develop a game model to analyze the optimal strategies of the enterprise, the university and the policy-maker with consumer learning and government subsidy
The research shows that consumers’ initial learning factors and green innovation cooperation cycle have a significant impact on the optimal input level of the enterprise and the university and have a significant impact on the optimal subsidy of the government
Summary
With the continuous reduction of the earth’s natural resources and the continuous deterioration of the ecological environment, most countries in the world have adopted various measures to protect the environment. Consumer learning plays an important role in cooperation innovation of green product. To the best of our knowledge, the optimal strategies of universities and industry when considering consumer learning and government subsidy simultaneously have not been addressed. (1) How the firm determines the optimal green technology investment strategies and cost sharing with customer learning and government subsidy?. (2) How the university determines the optimal green technology investment strategies with customer learning and government subsidy?. (3) How the government determines the optimal subsidy to promote the green innovation cooperation with customer learning.
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