Abstract
The paper deals with the power quality analysis of interlaced four quadrants (4Q) converters with constant switching frequency. These are in fact the input stages of the locomotives and high speed trains supplied by 25 kV, 50 Hz and 15 kV, 16.7 Hz lines. Due to the high power needed for the train circulation, the 4Q converters can absorb distorted currents, whose harmonic content can affect the signaling systems and communication devices. The presence of more converters gives the opportunity, using dedicated commutation strategy, to interlace them in order to reduce the harmonic content in absorbed current. In the paper a suitable model of more 4Q converters is developed. The control logic implemented in the model allows the evaluation of the harmonic contribution of both single converter and the interlaced configuration. The analysis is carried out through electromagnetic transient simulations.
Highlights
Organizations have realized that being customer-oriented is fundamental to their success as satisfying customer needs is a critical mission that they have to face if they are to survive [1]
Due to the high power needed for the train circulation, the 4Q converters can absorb distorted currents, whose harmonic content can affect the signaling systems and communication devices
Taiwan and China has similar collectivistic culture, and this can be verified through their perception of things, business management efficiency, and materialism, concept of time, collectivism, high power distance, and high uncertainty avoidance
Summary
Organizations have realized that being customer-oriented is fundamental to their success as satisfying customer needs is a critical mission that they have to face if they are to survive [1]. By satisfying and exceeding their customers’ needs, organizations are able, through this direct chain of causation, secure their customers’ loyalty, and increase their growth and profits [2]. Profitability is a definite result of value-creation for their customers [3]. In order to improve customer loyalty, organizations must strive to increase customer satisfaction by elevating service quality and enhancing service value. Elements that constitute customer satisfaction include subjective perception of customers, emotional acceptance of products/services, service intention and overall service design. Commitments that organizations made to their customers are crucial in safeguarding customer loyalty; and these include commitment to product/service quality, to the rights and interests of customers, and to post-sales and warranty sermjyvices. Customer satisfaction and perception evaluation are two main factors affecting service satisfaction. Perception of satisfaction is fast replacing physical assets as a valuable intangible asset of organizations
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