Abstract
The process of ecosystem service value evaluation has developed from the use of a single economic value that only accounts for material products to an assessment of ecological value and the value of ecosystem services. However, due to the complexity of ecosystems and different understandings of ecosystem service values, different classification methods of ecosystem services and service values have been developed internationally, and this has resulted in a lack of clarity regarding the correlation between ecosystem service value and various ecosystems. The correspondence between the system and each value type is not clear; therefore, based on an analysis of the inadequacy of domestic and foreign ecosystem service classification systems and methods, this study constructed a new accounting framework for non-monetary ecosystem service functions based on emergy analysis and integrated monetary accounting methods. The practical application of the method was also researched. The research results re-classified the value of ecosystem services, established an accounting method for various ecosystem service values, clarified the principle of addition in accounting, and avoided double counting. In the empirical analysis, a large number of correlation coefficients, parameters, and index values found in the foreign literature were used, so, our method also has value for international use.
Highlights
In recent years, various economic methods have been used to monetize the value of farmland ecological service systems, forest ecosystems, and wetland ecological service systems, and some progress has been made [1]
Evaluating the value system services is prone to double calculation; second, because of the limitations of economic methods, different evaluation methods are often required for different evaluation objects and evaluation goals, and, the evaluation results depend to a large extent on the methods selected, which results in a lack of comparability between the results [6]; and third, because ecosystems are different from economic systems, sometimes it is difficult to evaluate the value of natural systems using economic methods, especially when humans are involved and preferences for ecosystem services change over time and new information emerges [7]
Using the ecosystem service classification system, ecosystem service non-monetary accounting analysis framework, and accounting analysis principles proposed in this study, and partially integrating monetary accounting methods, the application verification was carried out by taking the value accounting of the farmland ecosystem service system in Chongqing, China as an example
Summary
Various economic methods have been used to monetize the value of farmland ecological service systems, forest ecosystems, and wetland ecological service systems, and some progress has been made [1]. The emergy analysis method can convert different grades and different types of substances or energy into a unified measurement scale through the emergy conversion rate [11], that is, solar energy value, so as to solve the problem of the lack of a common measurement scale in the current ecosystem service value accounting This method helps to quantify the amount of environmental work that supports each flow or storage, and evaluate each resource from the perspective of its endowment value (contributor side), rather than basing the value on human preferences and market contingency. It is possible to construct an ecosystem classification system that includes triple values by referring to the current literature research results, thereby reconstructing the non-monetary accounting analysis framework of ecosystem services, and partially integrating the accounting methods of monetary amounts On this basis, based on this theoretical and methodological framework, according to the characteristics of different ecosystems, we provide non-monetary accounting methods for the value of ecosystem services and make relevant case studies. Empirical evaluation methods play an important role in the evaluation of ecosystem services
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