Abstract
Methyl bromide has been banned worldwide because it causes damage to the ozone layer and the environment. To find a substitute for methyl bromide, the relationships among fumigation, plant growth, and the microbial community in replant soil require further study. We performed pot and field experiments to investigate the effects of dazomet fumigation on soil properties and plant performance. Changes in soil microbial community structure and diversity were assessed using high-throughput sequencing, and plant physiological performance and soil physicochemical properties were also measured. Dazomet fumigation enhanced photosynthesis and promoted plant growth in replant soil; it altered soil physical and chemical properties and reduced soil enzyme activities, although these parameters gradually recovered over time. After dazomet fumigation, the dominant soil phyla changed, microbial diversity decreased significantly, the relative abundance of biocontrol bacteria such as Mortierella increased, and the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Fusarium decreased. Over the course of the experiment, the soil microbial flora changed dynamically, and soil enzyme activities and other physical and chemical properties also recovered to a certain extent. This result suggested that the effect of dazomet on soil microorganisms was temporary. However, fumigation also led to an increase in some resistant pathogens, such as Trichosporon, that affect soil function and health. Therefore, it is necessary to consider potential negative impacts of dazomet on the soil environment and to perform active environmental risk management in China.
Highlights
Planting the same crop every year can cause changes in the soil microflora and its predominant microorganisms (Aranda et al, 2011)
After dazomet fumigated soil (DZ) fumigation, according to the calculation in Fig. 1, the concentration level of MITC in the soil was lower than the detection limit (Table 2)
Fumigation increased the contents of available phosphorus, available potassium, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and organic matter
Summary
Planting the same crop every year can cause changes in the soil microflora and its predominant microorganisms (Aranda et al, 2011) This makes the soil vulnerable and leads to the deterioration of its physicochemical properties, the accumulation of plant autotoxins, a reduction in microbial diversity, and an increase in the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Together, these factors lead to continuous cropping obstacles. Replant obstacles can damage soil microbial community structure and species diversity, promote the growth and accumulation of pathogenic microorganisms, inhibit the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms, and significantly reduce crop yield (Dong et al, 2016). It allows us to monitor the health status of the soil environment in real time, providing a scientific, theoretical basis for the maintenance of environmental safety
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