Abstract
Variable stiffness surgical robots are capable of adapting to different surgical scenarios, providing enhanced stability during minimally-invasive surgeries. Prevalent methods for achieving variable stiffness, such as lockable mechanisms, granular jamming, and phase transition materials, have inherent weaknesses including difficulties in downsizing and issues related to excessive temperatures. In this paper, a novel lockable mechanism based on electrostatics is proposed, along with a tendon-driven surgical robot prototype that utilizes this locking mechanism to achieve variable stiffness. The proposed mechanism involves the installation of graphite electrode sheets at each joint, with silica gel being used as the dielectric material. By applying a high voltage to the electrode sheets, adjacent joints automatically absorb and restrict relative sliding, effectively preventing joint rotation and ensuring complete joint locking. An electrostatic adhesive braking force model for the robot is presented. Simulations and experiments conducted based on the robot prototype have been carried out to validate the locking capability of the proposed mechanism and the accuracy of the electrostatic adhesive braking force model.
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