Abstract
Deception is an impactful social event that has been the focus of an abundance of researches over recent decades. In this paper, an electroencephalography (EEG) study is presented regarding the cognitive processes of an instructed liar/truth-teller during the time window of stimulus (question) delivery period (SDP) prior to their deceptive/truthful responses towards questions related to authentic (WE: with prior experience) and fictional experience (NE: no prior experience). To investigate deception in non-experienced events, the subjects were given stimuli in a mock interview scenario that induced them to fabricate lies. To analyze the data, frequency domain network and connectivity analysis was performed in the source space in order to provide a more systematic level understanding of deception during SDP. This study reveals several groups of neuronal generators underlying both the instructed lying (IL) and the instructed truth-telling (IT) conditions for both tasks during the SDP. Despite the similarities existed in these group components, significant differences were found in the intra- and inter-group connectivity between the IL and IT conditions in either task. Additionally, the response time was found to be positively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the inferior frontal gyrus (44R) in the WE-IL condition and positively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the precuneus (7L) and the angular gyrus (39R) in the WE-IT condition. However, the response time was found to be marginally negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the secondary auditory cortex (42L) in the NE-IL condition and negatively correlated with the clustering coefficient of the somatosensory association cortex (5L, R) in the NE-IT condition. Therefore, these results provide complementary and intuitive evidence for the differences between the IL and IT conditions in SDP for two types of deception tasks, thus elucidating the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying SDP of deception from regional, inter-regional, network, and inter-network scale analyses.
Highlights
Deception, a complex human behavioral manifestation, is impactful when causing serious safety threats and economic harm to the society
In the functional network analysis, the connectivity between regions was calculated based on the un-normalized laggedphase synchronization (LPS) index because components of the network during the first 2s time window of stimulus (question) delivery period (SDP) is independent of the baseline window
Four groups were qualitatively selected based on the dendrogram and visual inspection and this method has been applied in a previous study [25]; the sub-networks are required to potentially depict functionally related groups in both the instructed lying (IL) and instructed truth-telling (IT) conditions
Summary
A complex human behavioral manifestation, is impactful when causing serious safety threats and economic harm to the society To counteract these potential threats, lie detection has been used in criminal investigations, employee honesty pre-screenings and forensic settings. Apart from this, the modulation effect of deception on the EEG power spectrum has been observed on the scalp level in previous studies [6, 7], specific EEG frequency band (i.e. alpha) was associated with lying, demonstrating that risk monitoring/expectation and increased cognitive load play important roles in deception. No attempt has been taken before to unveil the functional networks underlying deception related processes, given the fact that deception is such a complicated cognitive process. It is interesting to take an attempt to investigate the network activities in the same frequency band from which distinct event related synchronization (ERS) was found (i.e., upper alpha band) in our previous study [11]
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