Abstract
The well-dispersive and superparamagnetic Fe3O4-nanocrystals (Fe3O4-NCs) which could significantly enhance the anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of luminol, were synthesized in this study. Compared to ZnS, ZnSe, CdS and CdTe nanoparticles, the strongest anodic ECL signals were obtained at +1.6 V on the Fe3O4-NCs coated glassy carbon electrode. The ECL spectra revealed that the strong ECL resonance energy transfer occurred between luminol and Fe3O4-NCs. Furthermore, under the optimized ECL experimental conditions, such as the amount of Fe3O4-NCs, the concentration of luminol and the pH of supporting electrolyte, BPA exhibited a stronger distinct ECL quenching effect than its structural analogs and a highly selective and sensitive ECL sensor for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed based on the Fe3O4-NCs. A good linear relationship was found between the ECL intensity and the increased BPA concentration within 0.01–5.0 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9972. The detection limit was 0.66 × 10−3 mg/L. Good recoveries between 96.0% and 105.0% with a relative standard deviation of less than 4.8% were obtained in real water samples. The proposed ECL sensor can be successfully employed to BPA detection in environmental aqueous samples.
Highlights
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a monomer in chemical industrial production for epoxy resins (EP), polycarbonates (PC) and other plastics; these materials are globally used in food containers, such as resin lining of cans, drinking water bottles and feeding bottles, medical apparatus and food packaging bags [1,2]
The ECL intensity of the electrolyte retained 96.2% of the initial response. These results demonstrated the excellent repeatability, reproducibility and stability of the ECL response system based on the nafion/Fe3 O4 -NCs/glassy carbon electrode (GCE)
A novel anodic ECL method based on nafion/Fe3 O4 -NCs-modified GCE was successfully fabricated for the highly effective determination of BPA
Summary
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a monomer in chemical industrial production for epoxy resins (EP), polycarbonates (PC) and other plastics; these materials are globally used in food containers, such as resin lining of cans, drinking water bottles and feeding bottles, medical apparatus and food packaging bags [1,2]. A sensitive, reliable and rapid analytical method should be developed for the detection and monitoring of trace BPA amounts. Various analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry [8], gas chromatography–. Mass spectrometry [9] and capillary electrophoresis [10], have been established and applied for BPA determination in environmental samples. These methods are sensitive and reliable for routine analysis; they entail expensive instruments, well-trained operators, elaborate sample pretreatment and time-consuming processes [11]. Electrochemical (EC) techniques allowing fast, simplified and Sensors 2018, 18, 2537; doi:10.3390/s18082537 www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors
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