An electrochemical cell for 2-dimensional surface optical reflectance during anodization and cyclic voltammetry

W Linpé,E Lundgren,J Zetterberg,A Larsson,S Pfaff,G S Harlow,J Evertsson,G Abbondanza,L Rämisch

doi:10.1063/1.5133905

W Linpé, E Lundgren + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5133905

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Abstract

We have developed an electrochemical cell for in situ 2-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) studies during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. The 2D-SOR signal was recorded from electrodes made of polycrystalline Al, Au(111), and Pt(100) single crystals. The changes can be followed at a video rate acquisition frequency of 200 Hz and demonstrate a strong contrast between oxidizing and reducing conditions. Good correlation between the 2D-SOR signal and the anodization conditions or the cyclic voltammetry current is also observed. The power of this approach is discussed, with a focus on applications in various fields of electrochemistry. The combination of 2D-SOR with other techniques, as well as its spatial resolution and sensitivity, has also been discussed.

Highlights

In situ studies of surfaces are important for understanding reactions occurring on surfaces, such as when a sample is exposed to a gaseous or liquid environment.1 During recent years, in situ experimental techniques have been developed to follow the structural and chemical composition of catalysts during reactions to obtain structure–function relationships.2–11 despite recent technical developments12–14 of in situ characterization tools, our understanding of the solid–liquid interface is still underdeveloped
We demonstrate that useful surface information from 2-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) can be obtained from electrode surfaces under Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in an aqueous electrolyte, similar to previous studies of pitting corrosion
The change in 2D-SOR (ΔR) as a function of anodization voltage is shown in Fig. 2(b), collected from the region of interest (ROI) indicated in Fig. 1(a) as the black square

Summary

Introduction

In situ studies of surfaces are important for understanding reactions occurring on surfaces, such as when a sample is exposed to a gaseous or liquid environment. During recent years, in situ experimental techniques have been developed to follow the structural and chemical composition of catalysts during reactions to obtain structure–function relationships. despite recent technical developments of in situ characterization tools, our understanding of the solid–liquid interface is still underdeveloped. In situ studies of surfaces are important for understanding reactions occurring on surfaces, such as when a sample is exposed to a gaseous or liquid environment.. Despite recent technical developments of in situ characterization tools, our understanding of the solid–liquid interface is still underdeveloped. To penetrate and characterize the interface between solid–liquid dense phases at the atomic and molecular levels is a challenge for the surface science and electrochemistry communities. In this context, there is a need to monitor the stability of electrodes during electro-catalytic and corrosive processes. High anodic polarization results in the adsorption and reaction of oxygen with the metallic electrode, and under extreme conditions, it results in oxygen evolution. The cost of corrosion of metallic materials is estimated to be 3%–4% of GDP of industrialized countries.

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