Abstract
We have investigated the novel elastico-mechanoluminescence (EML) properties of CaZnOS:Mn2+ for sensing and imaging various mechanical stresses. The CaZnOS:Mn2+ indicators encapsulated in an optically transparent epoxy resin matrix can simultaneously “feel” (sense) and “see” (image) various types of mechanical stress over a wide energy and frequency range (including ultrasonic vibration, impact, friction and compression) as intense and short-lived red fluorescence emission (610nm) from the 4T1(4G)→6A1(6S) transition of Mn2+ ions. Further, the accurate linear relation between emission intensity and different stress parameters (such as intensity, energy and strain rate) are confirmed. The EML characteristics of CaZnOS:Mn2+ could be explained using a model of piezoelectrically induced trapped carrier excitation according to the unusual entirely non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of CaZnOS:Mn2+ and the existence of carrier traps with an appropriate depth. All the results imply that the investigated EML material has potential as a touch sensor or smart skin to sense and image various mechanical stresses and decipher the stress intensity distribution.
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