Abstract
The battery thermal management system (BTMS) embedded heat pipe system cannot only quickly heat the battery, but also improve its temperature consistency. In order to accurate predict the electro-thermal performance of the battery pack with such a BTMS, an electro-thermal model integrating heat pipe model is established for the pack. This model extends the traditional RC model to a dual-RC model at the cell level for predicting the cell anode potential, which clearly senses the status of lithium plating during the heating process. At the pack level, a distributed electro-thermal model combined with a thermal resistance network-based heat pipe model is proposed for the precise determination of the overall pack temperature. To further enhance the accurate monitoring of lithium plating status and control of the heating process for each cell within the pack, the control criterion is based on the terminal voltage rather than the state of charge (SOC). Additionally, an absolute SOC is defined to unify the SOC calculation across different low-temperature scenarios. With the assistance of the model frameworks above, a two-stage heating strategy is proposed for the BTMS, including the power requirement stage to ensure the heating rate and energy requirement for more available depth of discharge (DoD). In the stage of power requirement, air parameters are determined as Vair = 9 m/s and Tair = 60 °C, and the corresponding temperature rising rates are 1.05 °C/min under discharge and 1.08 °C/min under charge condition, respectively. Additionally, in order to ensure the high heating rate and 98 % available DoD, the second stage heats the pack with the air parameters of Vair = 5 m/s and Tair = 60 °C, with the temperature rising rates of 1.02°C/min under discharge and 1.74°C/min under charge condition. Unlike the air parameters used in the first phase, those in second phase also considers the energy conservation of the BTMS and temperature homogeneity inside the pack. The energy consumptions of BTMS are 0.323 kW·h for the discharging and 0.133 kW·h for the charging. Moreover, the tested temperature difference among cells in the whole heating process is no more than 1.3 °C.
Published Version
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