Abstract
Symmetrical precoding and algorithms play a vital role in the field of wireless communications and cellular networks. This paper proposed a low-complexity hybrid precoding algorithm for mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The traditional orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) has a large complexity, as it requires matrix inversion and known candidate matrices. Therefore, we propose a bird swarm algorithm (BSA) based matrix-inversion bypass (MIB) OMP (BSAMIBOMP) algorithm which has the feature to quickly search the BSA global optimum value. It only directly finds the array response vector multiplied by the residual inner product, so it does not require the candidate’s matrices. Moreover, it deploys the Banachiewicz–Schur generalized inverse of the partitioned matrix to decompose the high-dimensional matrix into low-dimensional in order to avoid the need for a matrix inversion operation. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the bit error rate (BER), spectral efficiency (SE), complexity, and energy efficiency of the mmWave massive MIMO system as compared with the existing OMP hybrid and SDRAltMin algorithm without any matrix inversion and known candidate matrix information requirement.
Highlights
Symmetry concept is utilized in almost all communications systems and cellular network analyses, which is transformed into various conclusive outcomes
In millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, hybrid precoding techniques are generally used, that is, precoding processing is divided into baseband precoding processing and radio frequency precoding processing [16]
The Radio Frequency (RF) precoder is constructed by the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)-based hybrid precoding algorithm using the candidate matrix to select the largest multiplication of the inner product of the residual, wherein the candidate matrix is constructed by the antenna array response vector
Summary
Symmetry concept is utilized in almost all communications systems and cellular network analyses, which is transformed into various conclusive outcomes. In a millimeter-wave massive MIMO system, due to a large number of transmit antennas, if the traditional digital precoding technology is still used, the system hardware cost will be too high and the system power consumption will be too large. In millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems, hybrid precoding techniques are generally used, that is, precoding processing is divided into baseband precoding (digital precoding) processing and radio frequency precoding (analog precoding) processing [16]. In the hybrid precoding study of millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems, the literature [18] uses the transmitter and receiver to jointly design the analog beamforming vectors under the multi-resolution codebook.
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