Abstract
Wireless sensor networks are not prone to harsh environments and may fail due to various reasons. Failure of sensor nodes causes partitioning of network into various small segments and restricts the communication of nodes. Due to the significant importance of restoration mechanisms, many approaches have been proposed in the literature so far. However, these approaches do not focus on uniform distribution of sensor nodes before the occurrence of failure. This paper fulfills the shortcoming in the literature by proposing a Uniform Distribution and Recovery Algorithm (UDRA) in two parts. The first part (prefailure algorithm) focuses on preparing the mobile sensor nodes to be ready for the failure beforehand by maintaining half of their communication distance between them. Also, it uses a novel method of directional matrix based on one-hop information. By using this method, each mobile node declares itself as cut-vertex (CV), intermediate node, or leaf node. The second part of the algorithm (postfailure algorithm) gives complete recovery procedure in the network by its recovery nodes. The extensive simulations prove that the proposed algorithm supersedes the existing approaches.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an active area of interest for the researchers and engineering communities
Stationary nodes remain stationary and perform sensing activities, routing of data, or act as sink nodes, whereas mobile nodes move around the network to perform sensing and different tasks like replacing failed nodes and may be equipped with different equipment such as fire extinguisher and guns to shoot enemies. ese mobile nodes are known as actor nodes and such type of network is called Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs)
We suggest that the distance should be half of the transmission range and nodes must be aware of this fact that they should maintain half of the distance of their communication range
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are an active area of interest for the researchers and engineering communities. E performance of WSNs totally depends upon the fact that the sensor nodes remain connected to the sink node for sending data, as there may be some nodes which are positioned far away from the sink node and need many hops through their neighboring nodes to transmit their data [3, 4] to sink node Another important fact is that the sensor nodes must cover maximum part of the monitored area for the maximum awareness of the environment. Ese two scenarios are not suitable for mission critical networks in a harsh environment like a battlefield and can cause disconnection of many nodes To avoid these two scenarios, nodes must be cognizant of the exact distance by which they have to be separated from their neighbor nodes to achieve uniform distribution of nodes in the entire network.
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