An Efficient Metaheuristic-Based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.

Neelakandan Subramani,Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf,Saleh Alghamdi,Prakash Mohan,Youseef Alotaibi

doi:10.3390/s22020415

Abstract

In recent years, the underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) has received a significant interest among research communities for several applications, such as disaster management, water quality prediction, environmental observance, underwater navigation, etc. The UWSN comprises a massive number of sensors placed in rivers and oceans for observing the underwater environment. However, the underwater sensors are restricted to energy and it is tedious to recharge/replace batteries, resulting in energy efficiency being a major challenge. Clustering and multi-hop routing protocols are considered energy-efficient solutions for UWSN. However, the cluster-based routing protocols for traditional wireless networks could not be feasible for UWSN owing to the underwater current, low bandwidth, high water pressure, propagation delay, and error probability. To resolve these issues and achieve energy efficiency in UWSN, this study focuses on designing the metaheuristics-based clustering with a routing protocol for UWSN, named MCR-UWSN. The goal of the MCR-UWSN technique is to elect an efficient set of cluster heads (CHs) and route to destination. The MCR-UWSN technique involves the designing of cultural emperor penguin optimizer-based clustering (CEPOC) techniques to construct clusters. Besides, the multi-hop routing technique, alongside the grasshopper optimization (MHR-GOA) technique, is derived using multiple input parameters. The performance of the MCR-UWSN technique was validated, and the results are inspected in terms of different measures. The experimental results highlighted an enhanced performance of the MCR-UWSN technique over the recent state-of-art techniques.

Highlights

Water covers the Earth in different ways, in the form of oceans, rivers, and lakes
The cluster-based protocols for traditional wireless networks could not be feasible for underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) owing to the underwater current, high water pressure, low bandwidth, propagation delay, and error rate. To resolve these issues and achieve energy efficiency in UWSN, this study focuses on designing the metaheuristicsbased clustering with a routing protocol for UWSN, named MCR-UWSN
(ii) To resolve these issues and achieve energy efficiency in UWSN, this study focuses on designing metaheuristics-based clustering with a routing protocol for UWSN, named

Summary

Introduction

Water covers the Earth in different ways, in the form of oceans, rivers, and lakes. It is important for humans and other animals to have water in their lives and for other animals to have water as well. The cluster-based protocols for traditional wireless networks could not be feasible for UWSN owing to the underwater current, high water pressure, low bandwidth, propagation delay, and error rate. To resolve these issues and achieve energy efficiency in UWSN, this study focuses on designing the metaheuristicsbased clustering with a routing protocol for UWSN, named MCR-UWSN. The cluster-based routing protocols for traditional wireless networks could not be feasible for UWSN owing to the underwater current, low bandwidth, high water pressure, propagation delay, and error probability.

Literature Review

System Model

Design of CEPOC Technique

Design of MHR-GOA Technique

Performance Validation

Conclusions