An Efficient Leaching of Palladium from Spent Catalysts through Oxidation with Fe(III).

Yunji Ding,Bo Liu,Shengen Zhang,Huandong Zheng,Christian Ekberg,Jiayi Li

doi:10.3390/ma12081205

Abstract

Reclamation of spent catalysts for the efficient recovery of palladium (Pd) is gaining growing attention due to its scarcity and high supply risk. Currently Pd extraction from spent catalysts through an efficient, economical, and green method has remained a challenge. In this study, Fe3+ is utilized for leaching through oxidation of Pd in a mild condition. Before leaching, distillation was proposed to remove and recover the organics from spent catalysts. The effects of HCl concentration, Fe3+ concentration, NaCl concentration, leaching time, and temperature on the leaching efficiency of Pd were investigated to determine the optimum leaching conditions. The results show that Pd extraction and dissolution of Al2O3 increase with higher HCl concentration. The effect of NaCl on Pd leaching efficiency is significant at low acid concentration (2.0 mol/L HCl). The leaching efficiency was 99.5% for Pd under the following conditions: 2.0 mol/L HCl, 4.0 mol/L NaCl, and 0.67 mol/L Fe3+ at 80 °C for 90 min. The leaching kinetics fits best to the shrinking-core model of surface chemical reaction. The activation energy for the leaching of Pd was 47.6 kJ/mol. PdCl42− was selectively adsorbed by anion exchange resin. The filtrate containing adequate H+, Cl-, and Fe3+ was reused as leaching agent. Pd leaching efficiency was over 96% after five cycle times. This study provides an efficient process for recovery of Pd from spent catalysts.

Highlights

Palladium (Pd) plays a critical role in modern industry, especially in the field of catalysts [1,2,3].According to the United States Geological Survey, the global consumption of Pd reached to 291 tons in 2016 and keeps increasing along with the development of technologies [4]
About 66% of Pd was used in catalytic industry, such as chemical and petroleum refining, automotive catalysts [5]
The spent catalysts were recycled from the production of hydrogen peroxide by anthraquinone process

Summary

Introduction

Palladium (Pd) plays a critical role in modern industry, especially in the field of catalysts [1,2,3]. According to the United States Geological Survey, the global consumption of Pd reached to 291 tons in 2016 and keeps increasing along with the development of technologies [4]. About 66% of Pd was used in catalytic industry, such as chemical and petroleum refining, automotive catalysts [5]. It is significant to recover Pd from spent catalysts [7,8]. Recovery of one kilogram of Pd from spent catalysts can save about 45% of the energy costs and reduce 400 m3 water consumption compared with mining primary ores [9]

Methods

Results

Conclusion