Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted significant interest because of their desirable properties. These characteristics have improved their application to overcome the shortcomings of conventional separation techniques for phytochemicals. In this study, several ILs were investigated for their capacity to extract isoimperatorin, a bioactive furanocoumarin, from the roots of Ostericum koreanum. Herein, 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) was selected as a promising IL for separating isoimperatorin. A central composite design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of isoimperatorin reached 97.17 ± 1.84%. Additionally, the recovery of isoimperatorin from the [Bmim][BF4] solution was successfully achieved (87.73 ± 2.37%) by crystallization using water as an antisolvent. The purity of the isoimperatorin was greatly enhanced, from 0.26 ± 0.28% in the raw material to 26.94 ± 1.26% in the product, in a one-step crystallization process. Namely, an enhancement of approximately 103-folds was reached. The developed approach overcomes the shortcomings of conventional separation methods applied for gaining isoimperatorin by significantly reducing the laboriousness of the process and the consumption of volatile organic solvents. Moreover, the simplicity and effectiveness of the method are assumed to be valuable for producing isoimperatorin-enriched products and for promoting its purification. This work also confirms the efficiency of ILs as a promising material for the separation of phytochemicals.
Highlights
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Ionic liquids (ILs) refer to salts that are principally composed of organic cations paired with organic or inorganic anions, and whose melting point is below 100 ◦ C [1]
ILs have been applied in different fields and are considered to be potential substitutes for volatile organic solvents, owing to their exceptional characteristics [2]
Summary
ILs have been applied in different fields and are considered to be potential substitutes for volatile organic solvents, owing to their exceptional characteristics [2]. These include great selectivity, negligible vapor pressure, inflammability, high thermal stability, tunability, and the strong ability to dissolve a large variety of compounds [3,4,5,6,7,8]. Studies have demonstrated that ILs are promising solvents for the separation of diverse phytochemicals, including phenolics [9], alkaloids [10,11], flavonoids [12,13], ginsenosides [14], terpenoids [15,16], coumarins [17] and so on [18,19]
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