Abstract
BackgroundWild apple, Malus sieversii, is an endangered species and a valuable genetic resource that requires a variety of conservation techniques. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different concentrations of hormones on wild apple regeneration from leaf and stem explants to establish an optimal regeneration system.ResultsLeaves and stems derived from seedlings were cultured on several media supplemented with various concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) or 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) in different combinations with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The results showed that the most efficient shoot formation media (35% and 90%) were MS medium containing 4.0 mg L−1 TDZ and 1.0 mg L−1 NAA for leaf explants and MS medium containing 1.0 mg L−1 BA without NAA for stem explant. MS medium supplemented with 0.4 mg L−1 BA and 0.1 mg L−1 NAA (for shoot multiplication) and 1/2 MS + 0.1 mg L−1 NAA + 1.5% sucrose (for rooting) were effective media. Shoot regeneration from leaf explants was the most effective when the explants were placed abaxial side down onto the medium and were subjected to a pre-treatment of 3 weeks in darkness.ConclusionsAn optimized regeneration system for M. sieversii that allowed regeneration within 2–3 months developed. The protocol developed herein can be used in large-scale clonal propagation for the conservation of wild apple, M. sieversii.
Highlights
Wild apple, Malus sieversii, is an endangered species and a valuable genetic resource that requires a variety of conservation techniques
To identify the most efficient medium composition for plant regeneration from leaf and stem explants, different hormone ratios of concentrations were examined with an orthogonal method (Table 1)
Explants can produce calli on shoot induction medium (SIM) media depending on hormone concentrations and combinations (Additional file 1)
Summary
Malus sieversii, is an endangered species and a valuable genetic resource that requires a variety of conservation techniques. The Chinese part of Tianshan Mountains is estimated to be 38% wild fruit forest, whereas the Central Asian portion is estimated to be 62% wild fruit forest These forests play an important ecological role in regulating climate, conserving water resources and Evolutionarily, the wild apple population has evolved cold-tolerant and disease-resistant varieties with diverse fruit coloration, shapes, and flavours [1]. There are a number of reasons for wild apple mortality: the invasive insect Agrilus mali, fungal pathogens and human interference [6,7,8,9]. This tree has been listed as an endangered second-class protected plant in China. The ex and in situ conservation of wild apple populations is globally important [11]
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