Abstract
A flow-injection system with on-line ion-exchange preconcentration on dual columns is described for the determination of trace amounts of heavy metals at μg l −1 and sub-μg l −1 levels by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The degree of preconcentration ranges from 50- to 105-fold for different elements at a sampling frequency of 60 s h −1. The detection limits for Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd are 0.07, 0.03, 0.5, and 0.05 μg l −1, respectively. Relative standard deviations were 1.2–3.2% at μg l −1 levels. The behaviour of the different chelating exchangers used was studied with respect to their preconcentration characteristics, with special emphasis on interferences encountered in the analysis of sea water.
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