Abstract

In mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), nodes are mobility naturally which renders a great challenge in topology controls. Connected dominating set (CDS) has been considered as an efficient solution to solve such a problem by constructing a virtual backbone network to achieve the scalability and efficiency of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose an efficient connected dominating set clustering based routing protocol with dynamic channel selection (CRD) in multi-channel cognitive radio MANETs to obtain high packet delivery ratio (PDR), low control overheads, low delay and low energy consumption when node is moving in high speed. Moreover, CRD protocol can apply for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, IoT and 5G. The proposed CRD protocol includes clustering and routing phases under multi-channel cognitive radio approach. In the clustering phase, we propose CDS selection, CDS size reduction and CDS based clustering algorithms to formulate clusters and provide a set of intermediate nodes which is latter used as a route searching space for the routing phase. In the routing phase, a sending channel based focus region selection (CFS) algorithm is adopted dynamically to establish an efficient route from a set of intermediate nodes that avoids the affected region of a primary user. The CRD routing protocol is then implemented in environmental conditions close to reality (OMNET++ platform) to demonstrate its superiority over the conventional AODV protocol in terms of PDR, control overhead, delay and energy consumption.

Highlights

  • Cognitive radio (CR) is an intelligent technology to improve the spectrum utilization in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) by allowing cognitive users flexibly use the spectrum allocated to licensed primary users

  • This paper proposes an efficient connected dominating set clustering based routing protocol with dynamic channel selection (CRD) in multi-channel cognitive mobile ad hoc networks (MCR-MANETs) to obtain high packet delivery ratio (PDR), low control overheads, low delay and low energy consumption when mobile nodes are moving in high speed

  • We proposed an efficient connected dominating set clustering based routing protocol with dynamic channel selection in multi-channel cognitive mobile ad hoc networks

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Summary

Introduction

Cognitive radio (CR) is an intelligent technology to improve the spectrum utilization in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) by allowing cognitive users flexibly use the spectrum allocated to licensed primary users. Most of routing protocols in cognitive mobile ad hoc networks have recently considered in dynamic spectrum allocation and path establishment by observing primary user activity regions in Reference [21]. The authors of Reference [29] proposed joint routing, opportunistic spectrum scheduling and time sharing scheduling algorithms to minimize aggregate interference from cognitive users to a primary user. This paper proposes an efficient connected dominating set clustering based routing protocol with dynamic channel selection (CRD) in multi-channel cognitive mobile ad hoc networks (MCR-MANETs) to obtain high packet delivery ratio (PDR), low control overheads, low delay and low energy consumption when mobile nodes are moving in high speed. A CRD protocol is proposed to establish a good route from a source to a destination which utilizes the CDS based clustering and CFS algorithms to improve the network performances.

System Model
The Proposed Routing Protocol—CRD
Necessary Functions and Definitions
Packet Structures
The Proposed Connected Dominating Set Selection Algorithm—CDS Selection
The Proposed Connected Dominating Set Size Reduction Algorithm
The Proposed Sending Channel Based Focus Region Selection Algorithm—CFS
Environments and Measured Parameters
Evaluation Results
Conclusions
Full Text
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