An Efficient Approach to Automatic Construction of 3D Watertight Geometry of Buildings Using Point Clouds

Yuanzhi Cai,Lei Fan

doi:10.3390/rs13101947

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed an increasing use of 3D models in general and 3D geometric models specifically of built environment for various applications, owing to the advancement of mapping techniques for accurate 3D information. Depending on the application scenarios, there exist various types of approaches to automate the construction of 3D building geometry. However, in those studies, less attention has been paid to watertight geometries derived from point cloud data, which are of use to the management and the simulations of building energy. To this end, an efficient reconstruction approach was introduced in this study and involves the following key steps. The point cloud data are first voxelised for the ray-casting analysis to obtain the 3D indoor space. By projecting it onto a horizontal plane, an image representing the indoor area is obtained and is used for the room segmentation. The 2D boundary of each room candidate is extracted using new grammar rules and is extruded using the room height to generate 3D models of individual room candidates. The room connection analyses are applied to the individual models obtained to determine the locations of doors and the topological relations between adjacent room candidates for forming an integrated and watertight geometric model. The approach proposed was tested using the point cloud data representing six building sites of distinct spatial confirmations of rooms, corridors and openings. The experimental results showed that accurate watertight building geometries were successfully created. The average differences between the point cloud data and the geometric models obtained were found to range from 12 to 21 mm. The maximum computation time taken was less than 5 min for the point cloud of approximately 469 million data points, more efficient than the typical reconstruction methods in the literature.

Highlights

In recent years, the global interest in building energy efficiency has increased significantly [1,2]
In the energy simulation tools dense triangular mesh reconstructed from the point cloud data can be used to model the thermodynamic properties of building interiors, such overly complex geometric models can hinder the performance of those tools [6]
Thisrooms approach can can be used construct accurate watertight modelin with and doors, which is of use in energy simulations of buildings

Summary

Introduction

The global interest in building energy efficiency has increased significantly [1,2]. The Spanish government elaborated the “Integrated National Plan for Energy and Climate 2012–2030”, aiming for energy savings through the rehabilitation and improvement of the energy efficiency in existing buildings [3]. To fulfil this objective, energy simulations need to be performed for existing buildings, which require the knowledge of their as-built information. Energy simulations need to be performed for existing buildings, which require the knowledge of their as-built information Such information is often incomplete, obsolete or fragmented [4]. It is highly desirable to construct simple 3D geometric models constituted by structural objects (e.g., doors, walls, floors, ceilings, and columns) from the point cloud data

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Results

Conclusion