Abstract
In wireless sensor networks (WSN), flooding increases the reliability in terms of successful transmission of a packet with higher overhead. The flooding consumes the resources of the network quickly, especially in sensor networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, and vehicular ad-hoc networks in terms of the lifetime of the node, lifetime of the network, and battery lifetime, etc. This paper aims to develop an efficient and reliable protocol by using multicasting and unicasting to overcome the issue of higher overhead due to flooding. Unicasting is used when the desired destination is at a minimum distance to avoid an extra overhead and increases the efficiency of the network in terms of overhead and energy because unicasting is favorable where the distance is minimum. Similarly, multicasting is used when the desired destination is at maximum distance and increases the network’s reliability in terms of throughput. The results are implemented in the Department of Computer Science, Bacha Khan University Charsadda (BKUC), Pakistan, as well as in the Network Simulator-2 (NS-2). The results are compared with benchmark schemes such as PUMA and ERASCA, and based on the results, the performance of the proposed approach is improved in terms of overhead, throughput, and packet delivery fraction by avoiding flooding.
Highlights
Throughput is the amount of data packet transmission from source to destination at a specific interval and PDF is the amount of data packet received divided by the transmitted data
The proposed extended ERASCA protocol (EERASCA) protocol is presented based on efficiency and reliability of the sensor network
In this paper, unicasting and multicasting are used for data forwarding from small to large network instead of flooding to improve throughput and overhead
Summary
A WSN is a network of components that transfer the collected information from source to destination wirelessly. Collected information is forwarded with a gateway through multiple nodes to the other group/network such as wireless ethernet. In the presence of a wireless network, WSNs can be implemented/organized in places where they are costly to be deployed and can be used in many applications such as intelligent transport system, smart agriculture, military application, disaster recovery, wildlife monitoring, community networking, vehicular computing, etc. A WSN consists of sensor nodes with limited memory, CPU power, and energy capabilities. Sensors run different applications for different purposes such as tracking, localization, monitoring and event detection. These applications are updated and configured over the mesh or group of nodes continuously
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