An Efficient and Cost-Effective Power Scheduling in Zero-Emission Ferry Ships

Armin Letafat,Mohsen Banaei,Mohammad Hassan Khooban,Jalil Boudjadar,Mehdi Rafiei,Masoud Ardeshiri,Morteza Sheikh

doi:10.1155/2020/6487873

Abstract

Today’s remarkable challenge of maritime transportation industry is the detrimental contamination generation from fossil fuels. To tackle such a challenge and reduce the contribution into air pollution, different power solutions have been considered; among others, hybrid energy-based solutions are powering many ferry boats. This paper introduces an energy management strategy (EMS) for a hybrid energy system (HES) of a ferry boat with the goal to optimize the performance and reduce the operation cost. HES considered for the ferry boat consists of different devices such as proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), LI-ION battery bank, and cold ironing (CI). PEMFC systems are appropriate to employ as they are not polluting. The battery bank compensates for the abrupt variations of the load as the fuel cell has a slow dynamic against sudden changes of the load. Also, CI systems can improve the reduction of the expenses of energy management, during hours where the ferry boat is located at the harbor. To study the performance, cost and the pollution contribution CO2, NOX, SOX of the proposed hybrid energy management strategy (HEMS), we compare it against three various types of HEM from the state-of-the-art and also available rule-based methods in the literature. The analysis results show a high applicability of the proposed HES. All results in this paper have been obtained in the MATLAB software environment.

Highlights

Renewable energy resources (RESs) have received growing attention in supplying the required energy of different systems during the last years. e marine industry has been affected by this trend
Energy management, operation cost, and pollution rate results of the proposed hybrid fuel cells (FCs)/ battery ferry boat are compared with three other hybrid energy system cases presented in [8]. e energy resources related to the first case study include diesel generator/cold ironing (CI). e energy systems used in the second case study are diesel generator/battery and CI. e third case study consists of hybrid energy systems such as the photovoltaic (PV)/battery/diesel generator/CI. ese cases are modeled using the proposed method in [8]
E results of the total expenses and pollution rate (CO2, NOX, and SOX), regarding the energy sources used in case 2 are 475.214 $ and 3106.796 kg, 11.372 kg, and 8.097 kg, respectively. e obtained results of costs and pollution rate (CO2, NOX, and SOX), from the hybrid energy system utilized in case 3, are 472.081 $ and 3079.572 kg, 11.272 kg, and 8.026 kg

Summary

Introduction

Renewable energy resources (RESs) have received growing attention in supplying the required energy of different systems during the last years. e marine industry has been affected by this trend. Different combinations of fossil fuel-based resources and RESs such as diesel generators (DGs), fuel cells (FCs), solar panels, storage batteries (SBs), and cold ironing (CI) [1,2,3] can be used in the EFBs for supplying the demand and providing the propulsion force of these boats. In this situation, optimal energy management of the EFB is an important subject from the viewpoint of both ship owners and reliability concerns that should be considered to reduce the operation cost while considering the operation constraints of the equipment. In order to model the different equipment in the energy management system, (1) the PEMFC systems are considered as a single FC system with a capacity equal to the sum of the generation capacities of all PEMFC systems, (2) all the batteries are considered as a single battery with the capacity of the sum of the capacities of available batteries in the boat, and (3) total load including electromotor load and shipboard loads are modeled as a single load

Hybrid Energy Management Strategy of the Ship

Simulation Results and Analysis

Conclusion