An Efficient Anaglyph 3D Video Watermarking Approach Based on Hybrid Insertion

Abstract

Digital watermarking techniques have been proposed as an efficient solution to protect different media from illegal manipulations. However, for 3D videos, this domain has not been developed enough where only three watermarking methods exist for anaglyph 3D videos. These existing methods suffer from robustness insufficiency, especially against malicious attacks such as video compression. In this paper, a robust hybrid anaglyph 3D video watermarking algorithm, which is based on spatial and frequency domains (Least Significant Bit (LSB), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosines Transform (DCT)) is proposed. First, the original anaglyph 3D video is divided into a set of frames, then each frame is split into cyan and red images. A first signature will be inserted in cyan and red images using, respectively, DCT and LSB based techniques. Second, the obtained anaglyph frame is processed by the first level of the DWT, where the second signature is inserted in a low frequency. The inverse of a DWT is performed to obtain the final marked anaglyph frame. The proposed approach is evaluated based on invisibility and robustness criteria and shows a high level of invisibility and robustness against different video compression standards such as MPEG-4 and H264-AVC.