Abstract
Antenna array beamforming (BF) refers to a real-time procedure that aims at calculating the proper feeding weights applied to the array elements in order to create a main lobe and a number of nulls toward respective preassigned directions. Most of the research performed on BF has been based on a simplified mathematical model, which ignores the nonisotropic radiation pattern of the array elements and the element mutual coupling. This article introduces an innovative way to incorporate the actual radiation pattern of the array elements and the element coupling into two popular deterministic BF methods, thus making these methods applicable to realistic antenna arrays. These two modified methods are applied in several scenarios, where a desired signal and several interference signals with various directions of arrival are received by a realistic microstrip linear antenna array. The statistical analysis performed in every scenario demonstrates the validity and effectiveness of the proposed modification.
Highlights
A NTENNA array beamforming (BF) is related to a particular problem that has to be solved in real time
The results prove that the proposed modification makes the BF methods capable of responding accurately, despite the nonisotropic radiation pattern of the array elements and the mutual coupling between these elements
All angle of arrival” (AoA) must be chosen within the angular sector [30◦, 150◦], because the assumption electric phi-component Eφ (Eθ Eφ) comes true for polar angles within this sector
Summary
A NTENNA array beamforming (BF) is related to a particular problem that has to be solved in real time. It concerns the calculation of feeding weights applied by a proper feeding network to the elements of the antenna array in order to make the array create a main lobe and a number of radiation nulls toward respective preassigned directions [1]–[19]. The main lobe direction must coincide with the direction of Manuscript received October 16, 2019; revised February 9, 2020; accepted February 13, 2020. Date of publication March 13, 2020; date of current version July 7, 2020.
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