An effect of osteon orientation in end milling operation of cortical bone based on FEM and experiment

Abstract

Controlling of the cutting force and temperature in removal bone process in orthopedic surgeries (such as: cutting, tuning, milling …) can avoid thermal necrosis and cell death, wear and breakage of the tool. Increasing implication of milling process in orthopedic operations, measuring and controlling of process cutting force and temperature can be effective for developing orthopedic and fast cure of the patient. Considering lack of bone milling experiments data -in this paper- numerical simulation of bone milling process have used for acquiring process cutting force and temperature and comparison with already reported experimental data. Based on orientation of osteon and bone fibers, mechanical properties of bone are different in two directions. Thus, numerical analysis was performed in two perpendicular directions. Furthermore, response surface method was used for mathematical modeling of the process and deriving second order regression equations for process force and temperature, each as a function of cutting speed and feed rate. Results revealed good agreement between numerical and experimental results, as errors were below 4 % and 8 % for prediction of temperature and cutting force respectively. Findings of the present study can improve control and optimization of the cutting force and temperature of bone milling process in orthopedic surgeries.