Abstract
The research aims to study the most important factors affecting carbon dioxide emissions Co2, through a model. Explanatory variables were used in the model, which are the average per capita gross domestic product (GDP), the square per capita gross domestic product (GDPSQ), per capita energy consumption (CONS), and the POP population for the period 2000-2017 via using double logarithmic formula which is more suitable for economic, statistical and econometric logic in this type of studies, the results of the research showed that all the explanatory variables were statistically significant at the level of 1% and that the model was significant as a whole according to the statistic F and the value of R2=0.99. Economically, we find that the parameter of the average per capita GDP was 0.46 and it came with a positive signal consistent with the methodology of the Environmental Curve Kuznets ECK, the parameter of per capita energy consumption was 0.04, and it came with a negative sign that contradicts the Kuznets methodology, the reason may belong to the conditions that affected the country after 2003. The research recommended to go to investing in renewable energy, because it is environmentally friendly, such as sun energy, and to reduce the size of the gas in the sectors emitting to it, such as the transport sector, factories, the extraction sector, and manufacturing industries, in order to preserve the integrity of the environment and the plant and animal wealth it contains ,to a better environment in Iraq.
Highlights
Risks of global warming as a result of the expected rise in temperatures from one degree to 3.5 degrees celsius are the occurrence of changes in agricultural areas such as the decline of agricultural areas and sea level rise, which threatens to flood coastal agricultural lands and changes in the distribution of rain, which leads to the spread of desertification, the carbon dioxide Co2 is one of the biggest causes of degradation of the natural environment and the resulting of economic damages on the average per capita gross domestic product (9)
B3 CONS: Per capita energy consumption in kilograms of oil equivalent b4 population density (POP): Population density / million b1: Is expected to be positive b2: Expected to be negative based on the Kuznets hypothesis b3: It is expected to be positive, because an increase in economic activity leads to an increase in energy consumption which in turn leads to an increase in Co2 emissions (8)
We find that the intercept C reached 9.680 and it was significant, while the gross domestic product (GDP) parameter reached 0.467 and it has positive sign came in line with the economic logic and with the environmental Kuznets methodology, which means increasing the average per capita GDP by one percent, the CO2 emissions will increase by 0.46 %, and the GDPSQ parameter was 0.036 and it came with a negative signal and it is consistent with Kuznets' environmental methodology which assumed the negative signal and which
Summary
Risks of global warming as a result of the expected rise in temperatures from one degree to 3.5 degrees celsius are the occurrence of changes in agricultural areas such as the decline of agricultural areas and sea level rise, which threatens to flood coastal agricultural lands and changes in the distribution of rain, which leads to the spread of desertification, the carbon dioxide Co2 is one of the biggest causes of degradation of the natural environment and the resulting of economic damages on the average per capita gross domestic product (9).
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