Abstract
The underlying contract in higher education is that students, in exchange for demonstration of individual skills and predetermined levels of understanding, are evaluated objectively by faculty and rewarded by the reflection of a grade-level performance on their permanent records. In addition to providing a system that can reflect mastery or training in particular subject matters, grading and student evaluation mechanisms, with their rewards and punishments, prepare students for the workplace and its market forces: good performance is rewarded and poor performance and dishonesty are punished. Truthful and candid evaluations in the academy are a form of training that can help students to make correct choices as they progress through the stages of moral development. Evolutionary development toward, hopefully, correct choices related to academic integrity also helps students develop or reaffirm their sense of justice as they develop morally to assume responsibility for their own actions and accept consequences for their poor performance and poor choices.
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