An Ecological Approach to Theorizing Digital Innovation Ecosystems

Abstract

A digital innovation ecosystem is a dynamic collective of interdependent actors and the resources they rely on to innovate with digital technology. These innovation stakeholders mimic the interdependent and coevolving species in a natural ecosystem. Therefore, ecological metaphors are prevalent in the discussion of digital innovations. Although the ecological perspective implies a holistic approach, the literature on ecosystems related to digital innovation reveals silos and fragmentation. Recognizing the similarities and differences between natural and sociotechnical ecosystems, we apply the ecosystem concept to multiple levels of the digital innovation landscape, bridging diverse entities such as processes, products, services, organizations, industries, and communities, as they draw on resources, including information, technology, attention, and knowledge, to realize the value of digital innovations. This effort has allowed us to synthesize insights on natural and sociotechnical ecosystems and develop building blocks (including key concepts and sample research questions) of a multilevel platform for advancing the research and practice of digital innovation.