Abstract
In the lower Miocene deep-sea record of the Atlantic Ocean, a foraminiferal assemblage dominated by small, smooth, thin-walled bolivinids occurs at several sites, in different regions, from ∼20-17 Ma. No modern deep-sea analogues are known, but such assemblages are present in modern environments in the upper bathyal zone within the oxygen minimum zone. We interpret this as reflecting lowered oxygen conditions in the deep Atlantic Ocean, perhaps resulting from a period of sluggish bottom water circulation in the early Miocene ocean. This was a period of major change in global δ 13 C equivalent to the beginning of the Monterey Carbon Excursion.
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