Abstract
Feeding mice in early life a diet containing an experimental infant milk formula (Nuturis®; eIMF), with a lipid structure similar to human milk, transiently lowered body weight (BW) and fat mass gain upon Western-style diet later in life, when compared with mice fed diets based on control IMF (cIMF). We tested the hypothesis that early-life eIMF feeding alters the absorption or the postabsorptive trafficking of dietary lipids in later life. Male C57BL/6JOlaHsd mice were fed eIMF/cIMF from postnatal day 16-42, followed by low- (LFD, American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93 G, 7 wt% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD, D12451, 24 wt% fat) until day 63-70. Lipid absorption rate and tissue concentrations were determined after intragastric administration of stable isotope (2H or 13C) labelled lipids in separate groups. Lipid enrichments in plasma and tissues were analysed using GC-MS. The rate of triolein absorption was similar between eIMF and cIMF fed LFD: 3·2 (sd 1·8) and 3·9 (sd 2·1) and HFD: 2·6 (sd 1·7) and 3·8 (sd 3·0) % dose/ml per h. Postabsorptive lipid trafficking, that is, concentrations of absorbed lipids in tissues, was similar in the eIMF and cIMF groups after LFD. Tissue levels of absorbed TAG after HFD feeding were lower in heart (-42 %) and liver (-46 %), and higher in muscle (+81 %, all P < 0·05) in eIMF-fed mice. In conclusion, early-life IMF diet affected postabsorptive trafficking of absorbed lipids after HFD, but not LFD. Changes in postabsorptive lipid trafficking could underlie the observed lower BW and body fat accumulation in later life upon a persistent long-term obesogenic challenge.
Highlights
Breast-feeding v. infant milk formula (IMF) feeding is epidemiologically associated with a lower incidence of childhood, adolescent and adulthood obesity[1,2]
When the physicochemical structure of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is mimicked in an experimental IMF and fed to mice in early life, these mice gain less body weight (BW) and fat mass when challenged with a Western-style diet later in life, when compared with mice fed a control IMF[15,16,17,18]
BW were higher in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed compared with low-fat diet (LFD)-fed groups for experimental IMF (eIMF) and control IMF (cIMF)
Summary
Breast-feeding v. infant milk formula (IMF) feeding is epidemiologically associated with a lower incidence of childhood, adolescent and adulthood obesity[1,2]. Distinct compositional or physicochemical differences between human milk and formulae have been suggested to underlie the observed long-term differences in body weight (BW) and fat mass gain[6,7]. The physicochemical structure of milk fat globules (the MFGM, i.e. its phospholipid membrane and large diameter) modulates gastrointestinal lipolysis, postprandial lipaemia and, to some extent, the postabsorptive metabolism of absorbed fats[7,11,12]. Differences in physicochemical structure may result in different rates of lipid uptake: lipids from human milk could be more rapidly absorbed than infant formulae. We tested the hypothesis by quantifying the rate of fat absorption and the postabsorptive lipid trafficking in mice that were fed eIMF or cIMF in early life, followed by either a LFD or a HFD into adulthood
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