Abstract
The South African power distribution network is characterized by long power distribution lines with low short circuit capacity, and when distributed generation is introduced to these lines, voltage magnitudes are severely impacted. The existing voltage regulation methods of the on-load tap changer and step voltage regulator cannot successfully regulate voltage in long distribution lines with distributed generation since their control philosophy was designed for networks without distributed generation. Therefore, a dynamic system is proposed in this paper that coordinates the on-load tap changer, step voltage regulator, distributed generators, and the battery energy storage system to control voltage in long distribution lines with distributed generation. Their coordination will be based on response time and robustness. Unlike the conventional method, the proposed novel system will calculate a reference voltage that the on-load tap changer and the step voltage regulator must follow, based on the real time average voltage of the section of the network they each regulate. The system will also control the charging and discharging of a battery energy storage system based on the point of connection voltage and the average voltage of the feeder which it is connected to. Reactive power from distributed generators will also be used to enhance voltage regulation and refine the network power factor. When voltage magnitudes cannot be successfully brought within acceptable range, the proposed scheme will decrease the active power produced by distributed generators. The proposed system is examined on a South African 22kV network built in Matlab/Simulink.
Highlights
Renewable energy sources have gained more attention in the last decade
The philosophy of operation of an step voltage regulator (SVR) is similar to that of an on-load tap changer (OLTC), it keeps the voltage magnitude of interest at a predetermined and fixed voltage magnitude [11,12]. This voltage magnitude of interest can be the voltage where it is located, or the voltage at a remote location that is estimated through the line drop compensation (LDC) technique [12]. This conventional procedure of employing both the OLTC and SVR to regulate voltage in accordance with a fixed reference voltage works in passive power distribution networks, where there are no distributed generators (DGs), power flows in one direction, the network load and impedance are well understood, and the voltage drop can be predicted
The layout of the paper will be as follows; Section 1 provided the overview, Section 2 will provide an outline of the impact that OLTCs, SVRs, DGs and battery energy storage system (BESS) have on power distribution network voltage, Section 3 will provide an overview of the problem statement, Section 4 will assess and discuss the results obtained when the proposed system was evaluated and Section 5 will provide a conclusion
Summary
Renewable energy sources have gained more attention in the last decade. This increased attention is motivated by the pollution associated with conventional coal fired power generating stations. In such long feeders, SVRs are installed along the feeders to help boost voltage magnitudes. This voltage magnitude of interest can be the voltage where it is located, or the voltage at a remote location that is estimated through the line drop compensation (LDC) technique [12] This conventional procedure of employing both the OLTC and SVR to regulate voltage in accordance with a fixed reference voltage works in passive power distribution networks, where there are no DGs, power flows in one direction, the network load and impedance are well understood, and the voltage drop can be predicted. This is an improvement from the existing conventional system that uses fixed setpoints, and static
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