An Automatic Subject Specific Intrinsic Mode Function Selection for Enhancing Two-Class EEG-Based Motor Imagery-Brain Computer Interface

Abstract

The electroencephalogram (EEG) signals tend to have poor time-frequency localization when analysis techniques involve a fixed set of basis functions such as in short-time Fourier transform and wavelet transform. These signals also exhibit highly non-stationary characteristics and suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As a result, there is often poor task detection accuracy and high error rates in designed brain-computer interfacing (BCI) systems. In this paper, a novel preprocessing method is proposed to automatically reconstruct the EEG signal by selecting the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) based on a median frequency measure. Multivariate empirical mode decomposition is used to decompose the EEG signals into a set of IMFs. The reconstructed EEG signal has high SNR and contains only information correlated to a specific motor imagery task. The common spatial pattern is used to extract features from the reconstructed EEG signals. The linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine have been utilized in order to classify the features into left hand motor imagery and right hand motor imagery tasks. Our experimental results on the BCI competition IV dataset 2A show that the proposed method with fifteen channels outperforms bandpass filtering with 22 channels (>1%) and by >9 % $(p = 0.0078)$ with raw EEG signals, >13% $(p = 0.0039)$ with empirical mode decomposition-based filtering and >17 % $(p = 0.0039)$ with discrete wavelet transform-based filtering.