An automated search for compact high–velocity clouds in the Leiden/Dwingeloo Survey

Abstract

We describe an automated search through the Leiden/Dwingeloo Hi Survey (LDS) for high-velocity clouds north of= 28. From the general catalog we extract a sample of relatively small (less than about 8) and isolated high-velocity clouds, CHVCs: anomalous-velocity Hi clouds which are sharply bounded in angular extent with no kinematic or spatial connection to other Hi features down to a limiting column density of 1:5 10 18 cm 2 . This column density is an order of magnitude lower than the critical Hi column density,2 10 19 cm 2 , (e.g. Maloney 1993) where the ionized fraction is thought to increase dramatically due to the extragalactic radiation field. As such, these objects are likely to provide their own shielding to ionizing radiation. Their small angular size, of less than about 1 FWHM, might then imply substantial distances, since the partially ionized Hi skin in a power-law ionizing photon field has a typical exponential scale-length of 1 kpc (e.g. Corbelli & Salpeter 1993). The automated search algorithm has been applied to the HIPASS and to the Leiden/Dwingeloo data sets. The results from the LDS are described here; Putman et al. (2002) describe application of this algorithm to the HIPASS material. We identify 67 CHVCs in the LDS which satisfy stringent requirements on isolation, and an additional 49 objects which satisfy somewhat less stringent requirements. Independent confirmation is available for all of these objects, either from earlier data in the literature or from new observations made with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope and reported here. The catalog includes 54 of the 65 CHVCs listed by Braun & Burton (1999) on the basis of a visual search of the LDS data.