An Automated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Process to Determine Metabolic Stability Half-Life and Intrinsic Clearance of Drug Candidates by Substrate Depletion

Abstract

An automated process is described for the detailed assessment of the in vitro metabolic stability properties of drug candidates in support of pharmaceutical property profiling. Compounds are incubated with liver microsomes using a robotic liquid handler. Aliquots are taken at various time points, and the resulting samples are quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry utilizing ion trap mass spectrometers to determine the amount of compound remaining. From these data metabolism rates can be calculated. A high degree of automation is achieved through custom software, which is employed for instrument setup, data processing, and results reporting. The assay setup is highly configurable, allowing for any combination of up to six user-selected time points, variable substrate concentration, and microsomes or other biologically active media. The data, based on relative substrate depletion, affords an estimate of metabolic stability through the calculation of half-life (t(1/2)) and intrinsic clearance, which are used to differentiate and rank order drug leads. In general, t(1/2) is the time necessary for the metabolism, following first-order kinetics, of 50% of the initial compound. Intrinsic clearance is the proportionality constant between rate of metabolism of a compound and its concentration at the enzyme site. Described here is the setup of the assay, and data from assay test compounds are presented.