Abstract
Water resource is most essential basic resource for human being. Today water resource management has become an important issue (Kharake, Pathare, Deshmukh, Arebian J Geosci 14(10):1–10, 2021) for all developing countries. Rapid growth of population and its repetitive activities along the river pose a concerned impact on the river system. The water quality and quantity are under constant pressure by the presence of different human activities like removal of vegetation, industrial activities, and encroachment, domestic and religious activities. These all activities resulted in degradation of water quality. These all problems are largely concentrated in and around urban areas. Keeping this view in the account systematic study has been carried out the water quality of Godavari river in Nashik city. Water samples from 10 sampling stations have been collected during 1st week of June 2019. Physico-chemical parameters have been analyzed by standard method. The Karl Pearson correlation matrix has been established for examining relationship between the water quality parameters, and the study is conducted to analyze the water quality status of Godavari river in terms of water quality index (WQI). The overall values showed good water quality status (WQI 133.44) at upper stream in the study area, but as it enters in urban area water quality becomes deteriorate (WQI 35.01). The field observations reveal that water quality is declining due to many human activities mainly industrial, domestic and religious waste. To analyze the water quality index (WQI) is the main aim of the research with remedial measures to mitigate the deterioration and related consequences in future.
Highlights
Hydrosphere is an important segment of environment including 0.3% of the fresh water on Earth, and it is accessible from lakes, reservoirs and river systems (UNESCO 1998)
The main objective of the present study is to develop simplified water quality index (WQI) in order to examine the effects of anthropogenic activities on water quality of Godavari river in Nashik city
Various physico-chemical parameters like total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.) (Yogendra and Puttaiah 2008), total solids and turbidity were analyzed to evaluate the impact of urban waste on water quality
Summary
Hydrosphere is an important segment of environment including 0.3% of the fresh water on Earth, and it is accessible from lakes, reservoirs and river systems (UNESCO 1998). Water plays an important role in various life processes of living organisms, in which river water is a precious natural resource for human being. H + ions (Nag et al 2018) in water natural water containing HCO3−, CO3−2 and OH−. Excess organic material in rivers can cause eutrophic conditions, in which there is a deficiency of oxygen, which can cause a water body to "die." Measurement of many other parameters like BOD, Fecal coli can help us to understand pollution of water body. Together they are summarized in the form of WQI (Sehnaz et al 2017)
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