Abstract
ABSTRACT Tourism policies and planning in Indonesia have been effective in prioritising tourism development and maintaining price competitiveness and international openness, but absent or ineffective in the crucial domains of terrorism risk management, infrastructure development, interagency coordination and cooperation, human resource development and management, and environmental sustainability. These shortcomings, despite Indonesia’s democratic system of government, tourism policy and planning structures, and many tourism policy instruments, demonstrate that such mechanisms are necessary, but not sufficient, for the sustainable development of a country’s tourism industry. Coverage of all crucial tourism policy and planning domains, and effective implementation of policies and plans, are also essential, and in the case of Indonesia will require the marshalling and effective deployment of substantial human and financial resources.
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