An assessment of the neurobehavioural effect of cannabidiol and omega‐3 in high‐fat–diet‐induced dementia in albino mice

Abstract

Effect of CBD and omega 3 fatty acid on high fat diet (HFD) induced dementia mice was investigated using Morris water maze (MWM), Elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, Beam walk assay (BWA) and Wire hang test (WHT).Mice were divided into 6 groups of five each. Group I, control had only water and feeds ad libidum; group II- HFD + water, group III- HFD + CBD (10mg/kg/day); group IV- HFD + Omega 3 (200mg/kg/day), group V- HFD, CBD + Omega 3 all for 12 weeks. Group VI had HFD for 12 weeks then back to normal diet + omega 3 for 2 weeks. Frontal lobes were harvested and stained with H and E and congo red. Gene expression was done.Acquisition time in group V was significantly lower compared to others. No difference was noticed in the probe trial. Y-maze alternation was significantly higher in V compared to the II. WHT was significantly shorter in II compared to I, III, IV and V. Closed arm entry time was significantly shorter in II compared to I, III, IV and V. Neuronal count was significantly higher in IV and VI compared to II. No difference in BWA. Gut E.coli was significantly higher in II and VI compared to I, III, IV and V. HFD significantly induced amyloid plaques, neuronal ischemia and significant fold decrease in gene expressions of MAPK-1, IGF-1, ACHe, APOe, Catalase and BDNF. However, CBD and Omega 3 significantly increased their expression. Omega 3 with stoppage of the HFD significantly upregulated the levels of MAPK, BDNF and APOe compared to the others.HFD cause mixed dementia (Alzheimer's and Vascular dementia) and anxiety disorder with suppression of vital brain neurotransmitters and enzymes. CBD and Omega 3 significantly ameliorated these by astrocytosis and upregulating vital genes. In conclusion, chronic HFD administration impairs cognition by multiple molecular mechanisms involving gene suppression which were ameliorated by administration of CBD and Omega 3. Moreso, when HFD was stopped and Omega 3 co-administered with normal diet; pointing to a more reliable way of preventing and treating dementia through reduction in HFD and CBD, Omega 3 supplementation.