An assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices toward ecopharmacology among health-care professionals at a tertiary care center – A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Ecopharmacology, a field emerging at the intersection of pharmacology and environmental science, focuses on the impact of pharmaceuticals on ecosystems and public health. Given the increasing recognition of environmental issues associated with pharmaceutical waste, understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health-care professionals (HCPs) toward ecopharmacology is crucial. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess KAP toward ecopharmacology among HCPs at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study employed a pre-validated self-administered structured online questionnaire for data collection, conducted between October 2023 and December 2023. The questionnaire consisted participant’s demographic data, profession, designation, and department and 20 questions to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of HCPs regarding ecopharmacology. The data were subsequently analyzed and presented as percentages. Results: Out of 320 consenting participants 300 HCPs satisfactorily completed the questionnaire with a response rate of 93.75%. In our study, a significant majority of participants (97%) demonstrated awareness of the potential hazards posed to public safety by expired or unused medicines if not disposed of properly. A considerable proportion of participants (80.4%) acknowledged that pharmaceutical pollution can contribute to antibiotic resistance. Most participants strongly supported environmentally responsible medication disposal, advocating for guidelines, collection boxes in health-care facilities, and manufacturer involvement. Regarding practice, 76.5%, of participants admitted to pouring leftover syrup or lotion into the wash basin. A vast majority (95%) expressed their willingness to engage in proper medication disposal programs. Conclusion: The present study highlights a significant level of awareness and concern regarding pharmaceutical waste management among HCPs. However, there is an urgent need for initiatives to educate HCPs about appropriate medication disposal methods and to encourage the adoption of environmentally friendly practices.